ENG 102 Advanced Research Library Tutorial 2023-2024

Could you be stuck in a filter bubble or echo chamber? 

Websites and companies can track your searches and all of your online habits and then provide "personalized" results. These are called "filter bubbles." These are also sometimes referred to as "echo chambers." Search engines and commercial websites rely on sophisticated algorithms to determine what you want to see. This can also lead you to getting your information from limited sources, potentially leading you to have a narrowed intake of news and perspectives about what is happening in the world. While it's impossible to stay offline indefinitely, there are some actions you can take. 

1. Consider using ad-blocking browser extensions or use a browser that provides more protection.

2. Regularly delete your browsing history and cookies, or search incognito (private browsing) to limit the data companies collect. 

3. Check your social media account settings to see what you are sharing with advertisers. But, even though you may opt out of seeing ads on Facebook, your habits will still be tracked. 

4. Make an effort to find news and research from a variety of sources to view and consider different viewpoiints. Many news organizations are prone to implicit bias and will present current events in different lights or emphasize certain current events over others. This can lead viewers or readers to be led to think in a certain way if they aren't careful to explore topics or issues further. Recognize when "news" is being presented with opinion or when only one side of an issue is presented. 

5. Try to find sources that focus more on education versus entertainment. These sources will be more likely to use and cite sources for further research. Try to locate each website's mission statement and contact information - a lack of these elements can be a red flag about its reliability. 

In ENG 101, you learned some basic search strategies to employ within library databases and online, including: 

• Identify specific keywords, terminology or phrases related to your research topic. These will form your search string! 
• Identify synonyms, or keywords or terms with similar meaning, i.e. babies and infants or car and sedan. 
• Use quotation marks ("") around phrases or titles to find results with a specific order of keywords, which avoids finding results that mays include only one keyword of the phrase in the search.
• Use truncation to find more results, i.e. comput* to find compute, computer, computers, computing, etc.
• Use Boolean searching to combine search terms, with operators AND, OR, or NOT. Use AND to find results with all keywords listed within the same record (narrowed results), OR to find results with any of the keywords in any record (more broad results), and NOT to eliminate certain keywords from the results (limiting). 
• Use parentheses to narrow searches, i.e. autism AND (symptoms OR diagnosis).
• Form search strings in database search boxes (or online) using a combination of your keywords and search tools (truncation, Boolean operators, etc.) to pull up relevant sources. 
• Be prepared to RE-search, or try various combinations of search strings, to find the information you are seeking! 

Here are more tips to help you dig deeper!

• Every database is structured differently and allows for different searching methods, although many may be similar. Look for the "Help" or "?" icon in each database or search interface to find out more about specific search tools and strategies you can use. These links are often located at the top of the website or in the top corners. 
• Use wildcards, which are similar to truncation, but allow you to search more flexibly. Often an asterisk is used in this type of search but the symbol(s) may vary by database. For example wh* would return results with why, what, where and when. Searching for recogni*e would find results with recognize and recognise. Check the "Help" or "?" in each database to learn more!
• If you look at the advanced searching in a database, you will see that it often allows you to chose which "field" or electronic place in each record, behind the scenes. For example, if you select "Author" as a search term from the advanced search menu, a database "knows" to look in the field, or place in each record being searched where the authors' names are located, specifically the indexes of those fields (like the index of a book) for speed and efficiency. Many databases pre-assign subjects to articles or other content and when you type in those keywords, the databases will show you results that are associated with those subjects. Some databases such as EBSCOhost use "field codes" that you can type in a search box to find certain records. For example, you might type SU therapy dogs and veterans to search for articles with those subjects. Or, you might search for AU Smith and Brown to look for articles written specifically by these authors. 

Below are a few suggested sources used to locate data and statistics for research projects.